India and Japan have signed a series of agreements to strengthen cooperation in artificial intelligence, critical minerals, energy security and emerging technologies, reinforcing their Special Strategic and Global Partnership while expanding collaboration across sectors considered vital to economic security and technological growth. The agreements were announced during the 16th India-Japan Annual Summit in New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi outlined a broader roadmap for bilateral cooperation.
Among the key outcomes was a renewed focus on artificial intelligence, with both countries agreeing to deepen collaboration in AI research, innovation and industrial adoption. The two governments also committed to expanding cooperation between businesses, research institutions and policymakers to accelerate AI development while supporting trusted and secure technology ecosystems.
The summit also placed significant emphasis on critical minerals, reflecting growing global efforts to build resilient supply chains for resources required in electric vehicles, semiconductors, renewable energy technologies and advanced electronics. India and Japan agreed to strengthen cooperation in exploration, processing and supply chain resilience for rare earth elements and other strategic minerals.
Energy security emerged as another major pillar of the partnership. Both countries signed agreements aimed at enhancing cooperation in liquefied natural gas, clean energy technologies and hydrogen initiatives while supporting efforts to diversify energy supply chains. Officials said the collaboration is intended to improve long term energy resilience amid evolving geopolitical and economic conditions.
Beyond AI and energy, the agreements cover broader areas of economic security, including semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, digital technologies and resilient supply chains. The two governments also reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening innovation partnerships involving startups, private enterprises and academic institutions to accelerate technology development and commercialisation.
As part of the summit, Japan announced plans for more than $10 billion in fresh investments across technology, manufacturing and strategic sectors in India. The two countries also reiterated their longer term goal of attracting ¥10 trillion in Japanese investment into India over the coming decade, building on existing economic cooperation between the two nations.
The expanded partnership reflects increasing alignment between India and Japan on economic security priorities as governments seek to reduce dependence on concentrated global supply chains while encouraging domestic innovation. Artificial intelligence has become a central area of collaboration as countries invest in research, enterprise adoption and digital infrastructure to strengthen competitiveness across industries.
The summit also reaffirmed cooperation under broader regional frameworks, including the Quad, with both countries highlighting the importance of resilient technology ecosystems, secure digital infrastructure and collaboration on emerging technologies. Officials said stronger engagement between governments and industry will play an important role in supporting innovation while addressing evolving geopolitical and economic challenges.
For India, the agreements complement ongoing efforts to strengthen domestic manufacturing, expand digital capabilities and secure access to technologies and materials that support long term industrial growth. For Japan, the partnership provides opportunities to deepen investment, strengthen technology collaboration and diversify strategic supply chains across the Indo-Pacific region.
The latest agreements underline the growing importance of artificial intelligence, energy resilience and critical minerals in bilateral economic partnerships. As both countries continue expanding cooperation across emerging technologies and industrial ecosystems, the India-Japan partnership is expected to play a larger role in supporting innovation, supply chain resilience and long term economic development across the region.